Colloidal silver refers to tiny silver particles suspended in a liquid base, typically water. The particles are larger in size and remain dispersed throughout the liquid due to their electrical charge. While the particle size can vary, it's generally within the range of 2 to 500 nanometers.
In a proper colloidal silver solution, the particles remain stable and don't settle to the bottom over time. The silver particles' electrical charges keep them suspended, which repels other particles and prevents aggregation. The concentration of silver in colloidal silver products varies, ranging from very low to high concentrations depending on the product.
Unlike colloidal silver, which contains silver particles, ionic silver does not contain solid particles. Instead, it is composed of silver ions, which are individual silver atoms or molecules carrying a positive charge.
Silver ions are highly reactive and often bind with other molecules present in the liquid. Ionic silver solutions are typically clear or transparent since they do not contain solid particles.
While the silver ions may be dissolved in water, when consumed orally, scientists have found ionic silver deposited in a wide range of organs which can cause adverse health outcomes.
Every element is unique in its own way, but silver’s characteristics make it exceptional among all the substances found in the periodic table of elements.
For example, silver is malleable and ductile, making if perfect for jewelry and silverware. Because it is one of the world’s most reflective substances, silver has a uniquely beautiful shine. In fact, silver’s atomic symbol is Ag, from the Latin argentum, taken from the Greek ὰργὀς meaning ‘shiny.’
Silver is also one of the world’s best conductors of electricity, allowing its use in electronic components such as wires, switches and printed circuit boards. The combination of ductility and electrical conductivity makes silver perfect for micro-electronics devices such as smartphones, where it can be bent and squeezed into tiny spaces without breaking.
Silver also exhibits the unique property of penetrating bacteria cell walls – while not harming mammalian cells – and destroying the ability of the microbe to reproduce. This allows silver ions to be employed as a biocide, which is growing increasingly important as overuse of chemical antibiotics is causing some bacteria to become immune.
As if this isn’t enough, silver has been prized for centuries as an investment and storehouse of wealth and used as a medium of exchange in much the way that gold has been used. However, because of its lower value, silver is more available to a greater number of people who choose to keep physical silver instead of paper currency.
Where does silver come from?
Silver is found in the earth’s crust on its own in a pure form known as ‘native silver.’ More commonly, it is a mined as a secondary metal mainly found combined with gold, copper and lead, from which it must be separated.
Since the days of antiquity, humans have been throwing coins into water sources such as a well or fountain. Why? Well, wish making hasn't always been the motivation. One theory is that the antibacterial properties of silver were known, and this was done to make water safer to drink. These days, there is growing evidence that silver may also have many other health benefits, especially in the colloidal form, a solution in which silver nanoparticles are suspended in water.
Colloidal silver has become increasingly popular over the last few decades, but the health benefits of silver have been utilized for a millennium. The first believed use of silver for medical purposes was almost over 2,000 years ago—Hippocrates is said to have used silver to heal skin ulcers and wounds. During the 4th century, it was used by the Egyptians, and in 980 AD, Avicenna used silver to purify blood as well as treat heart palpitations and bad breath. In the 14th century, Conrad von Megenberg noted in Book of Nature that silver “slag”, when applied topically, could be used to treat scabies and bleeding hemorrhoids.
Hahnemann (1755-1843), the founder of homeopathic medicine, also used silver to treat medical conditions, including silver nitrate to help stop bleeding. Silver nitrate is still used today by doctors to stop mild bleeding after a dermatological procedure. However, if silver is taken in excess, a person’s skin can become blue in color, a condition doctors call argyria.
Prior to the advent of antibiotics, colloidal silver was a common treatment for infections. This therapy fell out of favor until the 1990s, when the risk of antibiotic resistance starting becoming a concern for many healthcare professionals.
It is believed that silver nano-molecules enter bacteria and attach to certain bacteria proteins, causing them to change structure (denature) and become non-functional. Silver is also believed to bind to certain enzymes in viruses, fungi, and parasites, making them inactive.
Here are some possible benefits of colloidal silver:
Since the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s, bacteria have become cleverer and have developed mechanisms to help protect themselves from antibiotic drugs. Bacteria form a type of “force shield” to protect themselves against the drugs designed to kill them—scientists call this shield a "biofilm". A 2014 study showed that colloidal silver could help disrupt the force shield that certain bacteria, like Staphylococcus aureus, creates. In addition, a 2011 study showed that silver particles could destroy bacteria directly by destroying their cell walls. A strong cell well is crucial for bacteria to reproduce. According to a 2018 study, silver may also kill some of the good bacteria in the gut so use of a probiotic should be considered if silver is taken routinely.
Viruses are infectious agents for which modern medicine has limited treatment. The common cold still does not have a cure while medications that fight influenza simply reduce the amount of time one is ill by about one day. Antiviral alternatives are sought by many. A 2005 study in Journal of Nanobiotechnology showed silver could stop the HIV virus from binding to host cells. A 2013 study of the herpes virus showed that silver nanoparticles could also make the herpes virus less infectious. Silver has also been studied against other viruses. While these studies provide some hope for future treatments, colloidal silver should not be used as a method to prevent HIV or herpes infections.
Fungi are all around us. Some can be helpful and consumed as a food, like a mushroom. Others, however, can cause infection due to their overgrowth. Balance is the key. A 2016 study showed that silver had anti-fungal properties when tested at various concentrations.
There are a few studies that suggest that colloidal silver may be helpful in the prevention of tooth cavities and reduce the risk of infection in those undergoing dental implants. Swishing a colloidal silver and water mixture in the mouth can be considered.
Chronic wounds due to diabetes or burns present challenges for both patients and caretakers alike. Finding the best topical medication to apply is crucial to not only preventing infection but also to help speed up the healing process. A 2006 study concluded that silver “can be used on second-degree burn wounds and can decrease the risk of wound infection and speed up wound healing”. A 2009 study supported the use of silver in helping to heal second-degree skin burns. Topical silver salves are available for use.
Millions of people worldwide visit their doctors each year with complaints related to their sinuses, a term commonly used to describe what doctors refer to as paranasal sinuses. Hollow “caves” in the human skull, which are essentially absent in newborns but develop fully by around age eight, sinuses reach their full adult size by puberty.
Specific food avoidance, medications, minerals, vitamins, essential oils, and homeopathic remedies can all be considered as options to help one prevent allergies, nasal congestion, and ultimately infections of the sinus tract. Maintaining good sinus health is crucial to overall health and well-being. Use of colloidal silver spray for sinus infection prevention is sometimes used, with many claiming benefits. Some studies have shown potential benefit. However, studies proving overall effectiveness are lacking.
Sinus inflammation was not improved in a small 2017 study of 22 patients who use colloidal silver to help ease their sinus issues. More studies are needed before use of colloidal silver can be recommended for sinus infections and/or prevention. Learn more about other methods to maintain sinus health.
Urinary infections are a common hospital infection, especially when a Foley catheter is used to help one urinate. A 2017 study showed that silver-lined Foley urine catheters could prevent urine infections. Similarly, a 2017 study showed that certain intravenous (IV) tubing, when lined with silver, resulted in less bacterial infections in patients who were in the intensive care unit. Another study from the same study showed that yeast infections were also reduced in those with silver-lined intravenous (IV) catheters.
The maximum dose in total daily silver intake should not exceed 14 mcg/kg daily. Never take more than is recommended on the label of the product used. Rarely, when silver levels become elevated in the skin, an irreversible bluish-gray skin color called argyria can result. Most cases reported of this condition did not involve colloidal silver but involved homemade silver salts. Further, it should be noted that the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) does not consider colloidal silver to be safe. However, many advocates cite its long history of safety when used conservatively.
No studies have shown any harms, but it is probably best to avoid use during pregnancy and during breastfeeding unless your healthcare provider advises you otherwise.
Taking colloidal silver at the same time as certain medications can reduce absorption of the medications. These include antibiotics and the thyroid medication levothyroxine. However, no drug interaction is known.
Topical
Oral Dosing
The dosing guidelines below are recommended in the 2013 book titled Colloidal Silver, The Natural Antibiotic
* Taking more than 200 ppm is not advised, especially if taken for more than five days.
* For children, one-half the dose is usually advised. Check with your child's physician before administering.
Note: Due to silver’s antibacterial properties, when taken for long periods of time, beneficial bacteria in the gut may be affected. Taking probiotics should also be considered to help counteract this effect.
Even before people fully understood how silver worked as an antibiotic, the metal was used to prevent the growth of dangerous germs. On long ocean voyages, for example, silver coins were dropped into water and wine casks to keep the liquids fresh. For decades, physicians placed several drops of silver nitrate into newborns’ eyes to prevent infection.
During World War I, battlefields wounds were wrapped in silver foil and silver sutures were used to close deep wounds.
More recently, silver coatings are being placed on medical devices such as breathing tubes and catheters to help fight infections. It’s also being applied to artificial bones and scaffolding used to keep bones in place while they mend. Silver is found in bandages and ointments because it keeps bacteria at bay, allowing the body to heal faster.
Silver has also been shown to be effective against bacteria that are becoming resistant because of the overuse of chemical antibiotics. For example, a life-threatening Staph germ called MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), often referred to as a “superbug” and found in healthcare facilities, is resistant to almost all chemical antibiotics. To fight back, many facilities are employing silver-imbedded equipment including surgical tools, needles, stethoscopes, furniture, door handles, furniture, linens and even paper files.
Only during the past few years have scientist learned how silver works as a biocide. Silver ions can penetrate the cell walls of bacteria – without injuring mammalian cells – thus destroying the chemical and structural bonds essential for the bacteria’s survival and growth.
For more information on silver and medicine, see Silver in Medicine Backgrounder.
Colloidal silver’s benefits are still being further investigated on a clinical level, but many, like Argentum Apothecary founder Joy Isaacs, believe that applying it topically can help treat everything from rosacea to acne to aging. “It calms the skin by reducing inflammation and fights bacteria without destroying the natural flora of your skin,” says Isaacs. “It also decreases the irritating effects caused by oxidative stress and stimulates skin elasticity.” It is these properties that secured colloidal silver’s inclusion in face masks including Allies of Skin’s Promise Keeper Blemish Facial and Mimi Luzon’s Wonder Dust.
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